The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.